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Banyak yang tidak sadar dan bahkan tidak mengetahui bahwa selama ini kebunnya sudah mengalami kerugian secara ekonomi yang besar karena jumlah populasi tanaman kelapa sawitnya berkurang—sebab mati akibat penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) karena serangan Ganoderma boninense—padahal jika dikalkulasi nilai rupiahnya sangat besar.
Apabila kita coba hitung secara sederhana saja, misalnya saat ini harga TBS (tandan buah segar) sedang dalam kondisi yang sangat baik pada kisaran Rp.2.000-Rp.2.200 per kg TBS, sehingga kematian 1 (satu) pokok sawit saja sudah mampu memberikan kurugian ekonomi sebesar Rp.400.000-Rp.440.000/pokok/tahun. Maka, jika dalam satu hektar ada 10 (sepuluh) pokok tanaman yang mati karena serangan Ganoderma maka potensi kerugian ekonomi yang dialami akan mencapai Rp.4.000.000-Rp.4.400.000 kemudian dikalikan 25 tahun potensi usia produktif tanaman, maka potensi kerugiannya setara dengan Rp.100.000.000-Rp.110.000.000/hektar/siklus.
Dapat dibayangkan jika kebun yang kita miliki/kelola saat ini misalnya 100 hektar saja, maka perhitungan potensi kerugian ekonomi yang akan kita alami itu adalah sebesar Rp.10 miliar-Rp.11 miliar untuk satu siklus tanam hanya dengan mati 10 pokok saja per hektar.
Gambar kerusakan populasi di perkebunan kelapa sawit akibat BPB karena serangan Ganoderma boninense (Sumber gambar: Riset PT MSA)
Melihat potensi kerugian yang begitu besar, sudah selayaknya kalau kita mulai mengantisipasi potensi kerugian tersebut sejak dini, yakni melakukan antisipasi dan pencegahan sebaik mungkin dengan menganggarkan biaya untuk penanggulangi potensi serangan Ganoderma di kebun kita. Hal ini tentu wajib dilakukan agar kegiatan-kegiatan pencegahan yang benar-benar dapat dilaksanakan secara serius dan terprogram dengan baik. Pencegahan yang dimaksud diawali sejak dari pembibitan, perlakuan dilubang tanam, hingga perawatan baik di TBM dan TM.
Biaya yang timbul dari upaya pencegahan ini sebenarnya jauh lebih kecil (baca: murah) dibandingkan dengan potensi kerugian yang akan kita alami. Sebagai contoh ilustrasi perhitungannya adalah:
- Mati 1 pokok sawit = potensi kerugian Rp.400.000/pokok/tahun
- Tindakan pencegahan, misalnya dengan aplikasi Thricoderma mulai dari bibitan sampai lubang tanam:
- Pembibitan dosis 60 g/bibit x Rp. 11.000 = Rp.660/bibit
- Aplikasi di lubang Tanam dosis 300 g/bibit x Rp. 11.000 = Rp.3.300/lubang
- Aplikasi perawatan pada TBM/TM 500 g/pokok x Rp.11.000 = Rp.5.500/pokok/tahun
Dari perhitungan diatas, total biaya aplikasi Thricoderma mulai pembibitan hingga perawatan adalah sebesar Rp.9.460/pokok, atau kurang lebih hanya 2% saja dari besarnya potensi kerugian yang akan kita alami.
Disamping aplikasi Thricoderma untuk pencegahan serangan Ganoderma, hal lain yang tak kalah pentingnya adalah upaya-upaya untuk senantiasa menciptakan lingkungan yang baik untuk perkembangan Thricoderma diperkebunan antara lain dengan cara:
- Mensubstitusikan sebagian pupuk kimia dengan pupuk organik yang berkualitas
- Mengembalikan bahan organik berupa janjang kosong (setelah dikomposkan) ke kebun
- Melakukan perawatan tanaman sawit sesuai standar prosedur
- Mengedukasi semua personil tim dilapangan tentang bahaya Ganoderma
Demikianlah strategi menghindari potensi kerugian akbibat Ganoderma di kebun kita, Jayalah Sawit Indonesia… Semoga bermanfaat.
DITULIS OLEH AWANG SUWARNOTO, SENIOR AGRONOMIST PT MITRA SUKSES AGRINDO
